Brain-eating amoeba: Infection, symptoms and everything you need to know about Naegleria fowleri
A child in Nebraska died from a suspected infection with a rare brain-eating amoeba, according to the Douglas County Health Department.
The CDC said only four out of 154 people have survived infection with the brain-eating amoeba, known as naegleria fowleri, since 1962.
The single-celled living organism is commonly found in warm freshwater and the Douglas County Health Department said it's being identified further north as regions become warmer and drier.
How does infection occur?
People can become infected when water containing the amoeba enters the body through the nose, usually while swimming or diving in warm freshwater — such as lakes and rivers, according to officials.
According to the CDC, the amoeba travels up the nose to the brain, where it destroys the brain tissue.
A person cannot be infected by drinking contaminated water, and the infection does not spread from person to person, the health department said.
What are the symptoms of brain-eating amoeba?
Symptoms usually occur from 1-12 days following infection, including headache, fever, nausea or vomiting. They may progress to stiff neck, confusion and seizures. Death occurs in 97% of cases within about five days of symptoms.
What is the treatment for brain-eating amoeba?
The CDC said this is unclear. Several drugs are effective against it in a laboratory setting, but the CDC said effectiveness is not clear since almost all infections have been fatal.
Two infected people recently survived after being treated with a new drug called miltefosine that was given along with other drugs and aggressive management of brain swelling, according to the CDC.
How can you prevent contracting the amoeba?
Health officials recommend plugging your nose, avoiding submerging the head and/or avoiding water entering the nose, avoiding stirring up sediment, and avoiding freshwater sources when water temperatures rise and water levels decrease.
The infection doesn't spread from person to person, according to officials.
What temperature of water can cause infection?
The amoeba grows best at higher temperatures up to 115°F (46°C) and can survive for short periods at higher temperatures, according to the CDC.
How common is the brain-eating amoeba?
From 2012 to 2021, 31 infections were reported in the U.S., according to the CDC.
Millions of recreational water exposures occur each year, while only 0 to eight brain-eating amoeba infections are identified each year, according to the Department of Health and Human Services.
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